jones



25 1927. Oct R. M K. JONES TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed March 12, 1924 2Sheets-Sheet A INVENTOR ATTORNEY Oct. 25, 1927. 1,646,407

R. MCK. JONES TYPEWRITING MAC HINE Filed March 12, 1924 2 Sheets-$heet 24 a )1 7$ a h! 71 I ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 25, 1927.

it UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE. g

ROBERT MOKEAN J 'ONES, OF STONY POINT, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR- '10 REMINGTONTYPEWBITER COMPANY OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPEWRITING ivmonrnn- Application fi led March 12, 1924. Serial No.598,628.

My invention relates to 'typewriting' machines, and has for its objectto provide a typewriting machine which is especially adapted forwritingthe Chinese language according to the new phonetic system recent-1y adopted in China.

To the above and other ends Which will hereinafter appear, my inventionconsists in the features of construction, combinations of devices, andarrangements of parts herein a'l'ter described and particularlypointedout in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the preferred form of myinvention,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a Remington typewritingmachine embodying said invention, the view. showing the keyboard andtype bar system of the machine.

Figure 2 is a 'Eront-to-rear vertical sectional view illustrating one'ofthe type bar actions of the machine, H

Figure 3 is a plan view of the keyboard diagrammatically illustrated,this view also corresponding with the type blocks.

Referring generally to my invention, the

7 Chinese Government has officially adopted and is promulgating a newphonetic alphabet known as the Chu Yin Tzu-mu, or in English, nationalphonetic alphabet. A for mal edict commanding its use by Governmentofiicials and requiring the teaching of the system in schools has beenpublished.

The purpose of this system which was de vised by a council of learnedmen from all sections of the country is to simplify the ancientcomplicated system of ideographie characters and promote literacyamongthe people generally. The new alphabet con sists of forty simpleforms which have been assigned to represent the elementary sounds asanalyzed and settled by the council.

Through combinations, means are provided for representing all the knownsounds of the language with the assistance of certain signs marking thevarious tones. It is the prin cipal purpose of my invention to adapt theforms chosen for the new alphabet for use in a typewriting machine. Incarrying out this purpose, I have devised a keyboardar,- mngcinent andconnected set of types that comprise, first, all of the forty phoneticsym bols separately; second, compound characters to the number oftwenty-one, combining nu:- dials and finals in one character; third,Chinese numerals to the number of fifteen; fourth, tone marks on twodeadkeys; fifth, one character indicating the cipher and also used forapunctuation sign; sixth, a sign for indicating emphasis; and seventh,the

opening and closing parenthesis signs making a'total of eighty'fourcharacters adapted to the usual standard single shift machine.

The arrangement or layout of the keychanical constructionspermit, to theprinciple of bringing the most ifrequently used characters beneath themost agile and supple fingers of the hands and also in a mannercalculated to promote most rapid operation and to be readily memorized.As the most rapid and easily accomplished operation of the keys of astandard modern typewriter, such as the Remington, is downward from theiipper banks to or towards the lowest bank of keys, I have so arrangedmy key board that the'initial characters are carried in the upperpart ofthe keyboard. Those that are used most frequently are placed in thelower-case central positions on the second and third banks of keys, andthe less .frequently used onesupon thetop bank. The charactersrepresenting the finals, and also themost commonly used compound character's with which the great majority of all the phonetic expressionsterminate, are, onthe other hand, placed in the lowest bank of keys, sothat the almost invariable action of the typists fingerswill be a rapidsweeping motion of one or both hands from the upper rows'or banks tolower ones. The lower part of the keyboard is also arranged so that thecentral lower-case. positions are retained for the" characters mostfrequently used. The

results achieved by this scientific arrange} ment may be graphicallyillustrated by straightv lines terminating in arrow heads connecting thesymbols on the keyboard diagram. If, however, these lines were appliedto Figure 3 herein, the clearness would be lessened and therefore it hasseemed advisable to omit them.

' 7 Referring now specifically to the drawing, the main frame of theRemington typewriting machine illustrated in Flgure 1 herein, comprisesa base 1, posts 2, and a top plate 3 at the forward side of which isdisposed a frame plate 4. The type bar supporter segment 5 of themachine (Flg. 2)

has mounted on it a pivot wire 6 which provides a pivot for a set orseries of type bars 7 ea'ch carrying a type'block 8 having two types.The type bars are disposed in a circular series below the platen (notshown) and normally rest at'their ty e ends on a support or rest 9,being adapte to be swung upward and rearward in co-opera'tlve contactwith the platen. The type bars are guided in their swinging movements inradi ally arranged slots 10 cut in the lower portion of the segment 5.The heel portion of each ingforward, terminating in a stem 19 which isprovided with .a key cap or button- 20. There .are four rows of caps orkeys 20 consti't-uting the keyboard, the stems 19 being of graduatedheights so that the rows are inbanks or steps as is well understood, thehighest'bank, at the rear. The keyboard is contained within the forwardportion of the base frame l'which is" made rectangular in shape for thepurpose. When any one of the keys 20 is depressed, it will, through thedescribed train of connections comprising the keyl'ever 17 the connectedbell crank 13 nd the actuating pin 12, swing the typebar 7 on its pivot6 and cause one or the other of theitypes at its free end to co-act withthe platen; Normally the platen is'in what is termed lower caseposition, and the lower case types of the type bars willprint throughthe usual ribbon (not shown). When the platen, is shifted and maintainedin shifted positioman actuation of one of the type bars will cause itsupper case type to print. The lower case types are the inner types onthe 1 blocks or those-closer to the pivot wire 6, the

upper case types being the outer types. or purposes of completeillustration, 1 have shown in Figure lthe full keyboard of the machineas represented by the key is depressed.

the key caps; These characters, it will be understood, correspondthroughout with the H full set of characters shown in Figure 3,

wherein the diagram of-eaeh key is desig nated as 21 and comprises oneof the double squares of which the diagram as a whole is composed.Figure 1 further illustrates the full set of type bars of the machinewith their type blocks, the keys 20 being shownas connected with theirassociate type blocks by'dotted lines d. These lines d may be. as-

sumed as representing diagrammatically the actual plvotal connections ortrains of de vices. between the keys and the type bars,

one of such trains being'shown'inFigure 2. Referring now to the keyboardin detail, since it is not convenient to reproduce the Chinesecharacters on the typed or printed page, I have accordingly identifiedthe different characters by number. i The numbers in the double squares21 in the Fig. 3 dia-v gram correspond with the characters representedon these squares. Thus the square designated as 22 represents the uppercase character of the left-hand key of the top row of keys and also thecorresponding upper case type which prints when the shift key Theaforesaid square desig nated as 22 represents the Chinese numeralrepresenting ten (10). Similarly the squares designated as 23, 24, 25,26,. 27 and 28 res ectively represent the following or succeec mg uppercase characters from left to right Which correspond with the Chinesenumerals representing nine, eight, seven, siX, five and four. r

The above are allin the plain style comi monly used forliterary andordinary purrfl poses. no three following upper case characters,designated numerically as 29, 30

and 31, represent respectively the Chinese.

numerals corresponding to three, two and one, in what is called therunning hand.

The characters in the lower 021.18 position in the top row of keys,which print when the'shift' key is not used and the platen remains inunshifted position, are as follows, theidentlfvlng numbers correspondingwith those applied to the secondrow of squares in Fig. 3 and thephonetic values in all of the following descriptions being expressedaccaps or buttons 20, andin a fewfins'tances have shown the characterson the tops of cording to the well-known system of Sir If Thomas lVade32- designatesthe Chinese cipher which is also used a punctuation sign,indicating the end of a sentence.

33 is the Chinese phonetic character representing the sound of No whenstanding alone, or the sound of N when combined with other characters. Iv

34 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing sound of Fe. i

'35 is the initial Chinese phonetic repre senting Tzfi or Tsii (note:the apostrophe senting Tzu or Tsfi.

87 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing Chih, or Ch incombination.

38 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing P6, or P in combination.

39 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing J ih, or J incombination.

40 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing an initial nasal sounddifficult to represent accurately in roman letters, commonlytransliterated as Gn or Ng.

41 are double parallel lines ext-ending completely across a letterspace, used like the underscore inEnglish to indicate emphasis.

The characters represented in the upper case positions'of the second rowfrom the top, which print when theshi'i't key 1s operated, are asfollows? a 42 and'43 are the opening and closing parenthesis signs asused in English.

44 is the Chinese numeral representing one million, as a used inliterary and ordinary. work. i z r i r 45 is the Chinese numeral for100,000.

46 is the Chinesenumeral for 10,000.-

47 is the Chinese numeral for 1,000.

48 is the Chinese numeral for'lOO.

All of the above are in the same style as No. 44. i V

49 is a compound phonetic formed by combining the medialcharacterfdesignated as 68 and the final character designated, as 84,the two together representing the sound 0 inn;

50 is the compound phonetic-formed by combining 68 and 51, representing.iio final.

51 is, the final phonetic representing the sound r a 52 is a tone markon a dead key which does not effect a letter space movement of the papercarriage fThis mark can be used to indicate theurising inflection, ortone, by

' which the varied meanings of Chinese sounds:

are indicated. i

The characters in the lower case positions of the second row of keysfrom the top areas follows a 1 53 is the compound phonetic composed of79 and 90 representing no or o final.

54 is the initial phonetic giving sound of K, or Konly, in combination.

55. is the initial phonetic for the sound of Ke, or .K only, whencombined.

56 is the initial phonetic for the sound of He, or of H when incombination.

57 is the initial phoneticrepresenting the sound. Shih or Sh incombination.

58 is the initial phonetic ,for Chi.

59 is the initial phonetic for ere.

60 is the initialjphonetic for sound of P or 1) when bi d j 1 61 is theinitial phonetic for L6 or L in combination.

62 isthe compound. phonetic, character combining medial 79 and final104, which represents the sound ung.

63 is the tone mark on a dead ke and which can represent an even tone 0pronunciation. This tone is sometimes understood when a character is notmarked, in which case this sign could be used to indicate a fifth toneemployed in some Chinese dialects. V

The characters in the upper case position of the third row from the top,which print when the shift key is held down, are as follows:

04-is the compound phonetic character composed of the medial 79 and thefinal 97 expressing the termination ua.

is the initial phonetic representing V in combination.

66 is the compound phonetic character printing the medial 79 and thefinal 84, the combination representing the termination sound un.

.67 is the compound phonetic character uniting the medial 81' with thefinal 96 to express the soundiu.

08 is the medial phonetic character expressing the sound of ii.

69 is the compound phonetic character composed of medial 68 with final101 and representing the termination iian.

70 is the compound phonetic character formed of medial 81 and final 84to represent the ending in.

71 is thecompound phonetic made up of medial 81 and final 97 torepresent the termination iai 72 is'the initial phonetic expressive of anasal initial sound difficult to express in roman letters but usuallyrepresented as 11g 01,- tang?- 73 isthe compound phonetic combiningmedial 79 and final 100 which represents the terminal sound uang.

74 is a tone mark on a dead key by which mark the falling tone ofChinese pronunciation. can be indicated.

Y The characters placed in the lower case position of the third row ofkeys from the top and which print without the use of the shift key, areas follows 7 5 is the phonetic. compound consisting of the medial .81and the final 98, indicating the sound of iao as an ending.

76 is the initial phonetic expressing the sound of Ssh, or a strongsibilant ss in combination.

77 is the initial phonetic representmg a strongly aspirated Chi, or asound value of Ch. when used in combination.

78 is the initial phonetic for Chi or the sound or" Ch (not stronglyaspirated) when combined with other characters.

= representing the final sound"iieh .79 is the medial phonetic'vowelconveying sound of u 1n combination.

84 is the final. phonetic representing the sound of en at the end of aphonetic combination.

85 is the tone mark upon a dead key which can be usedto indicate thatthe character is to be pronounced in the abrupt tone.

The characters placed in the upper case position on the bottom row ofkeys which print when the shift key is depressed, are as follows :-i

, 86 is the-phonetic compound of the medial vowel 68 and the final 93,such compound 87 is the phoneticcompound composed of the medial vowel 79and the final 101 to in dicate the termination nan.

88 is the phonetic compound combining the medial vowel 81 with the'final93 to express the sound .ieh as an ending. -89 is. the finalphoneticsymbol for sound 92 is the phonetic. compound uniting the medial vowel.sound81 with the final 100 to form the termination iang.

93 isthe final phonetic representing the sound ch as a termination.

9 1 is the phonetic compound combining the medial 79 withthe final 103to express the terminal sound uai.

95 is the compound uniting the medial 68 with the final 104: to form theendingiiing. The characters occupying the lower case positions on thebottom row of keys which print without the use of a shift key are asfollows: I i a 96 is the final phoneticcharacter for the sound'of ou. I

- three sub-classes, initials, medials, and-finals.

. sounds of the language as follows: for ex- 97 is the phonetic forthesound of a in V I, 1346,40?

'eng or ng .in. combination with the medial vowels.

105 is the phonetic compound combining the medial vowel 79 with thefinal 91 to represent the termination uei. r a

It may here be noted that the fortysimple forms which have beend-esignedto represent the elementary sounds are divided intof Thetwenty-four initials are represented on the Figg3'keyboard diagram bythe numbers 33 to 40 inclusive; 54 to 61 inclusive; 65, 72, 76, 77, 78,80, 82 and 83. The three medials are represented by the numbers 68, 79and 81; and the thirteen finals are repre- V sented by the numbers 51,84, 89, 90, 91,-93,1 96, 97, 98,100, 101,- 103 and .104. These fortysimple forms are used to represent the.

ample, first, by the combination of initial, medial and final forms as37, 79, and 101 representing Chuan; second, by the com- V bination ofinitials and medials as 78 and 7 9 representing chu third, by thecombination of initials and finals as 60 and 91 representing pei; fourththe combination of medials and finals as 81 and100 represent-v ing yang;and, fifth, occasionally by a single form only as in initial 57representing I shih, medial81 representing i, and final 89 representingrh. These last single forms,-however, are not very frequent.

As the newsystem embodying the Chinese phonetic alphabet is to be readin true: Chi- 105 nese form, that is, in columns beginning at theright-hand corner of the sheet and proceed-'- ing column by columntoward the left, the types of my machinearepreferably placedsidewiseupon the type blocks with the tops 1 of the characters toward the leftside of I the segmentor machine. Thus positionedit is only necessaryafter the sheet has been -written-ito turn it quarter-way round in orderto read it in the Chinese manner. 1

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In atypewriting machine for writing the Chinese language employing-theofficial phonetic alphabet, a keyboardand'type bar system comprisingforty simple phonetic symbols, namely :N,F, Tzu or Tsu, Tzu or Tsu,Chih,Pe, Jih, Gn orrng, E, Ke, Ke, He, Shih, Chi, Te, P',L,V, ti, Ng orAng,Ssu, 'Chi, Chi,'- u, Hsi,-i, Ts, Me, en,

erh, o, ei, h',ou,' a, a0, ang, an, ai, eng; twenty-one compoundcharacters, jnainely iun, un, no or o, ung, ua, un,1u, nan, 1n, ia,uang, iao iieh, nan, ieh, iang,fl uai, iiing,

1n ien uei" fifteen Chinese numerals "v V g, s 2 v a the Chineselanguage employing the ofiicial phonetic alphabet, a keyboard soarranged that the important initial characters, namely :-.K, Ke, Gn,Chi, Chi, T, T, Ne, P, Me, Fe, Tzu or Ts'l'l, Tzu or Tsu, Ssu, Chih,Chih, Shih, He, Hsi, Le, Jih; are disposed in the upper part of thekeyboard, those that are used frequently, namely :Shih, He, K, Ke, Chi,Te, P,

Le, Chih, Chi, Ssu, Hsi, Te, and Me, being placed iu the central lowercase positions on the second and third banks of keys; and

less frequently used initial characters, such as 1%, Fe, Tzfi, Tzfi,Chlh, P, Jih, and

5 G11 upon the top bank.

3. In a typewriting machine for Writing the Chinese language employingthe oflicial phonetic alphabet, a keyboard so arranged that the initialcharacters are disposed in the upper part of the keyboard, those thatare used frequently being placed in the lower-case central positions onthe second and third banks of keys and less frequently used ones on thetop bank, the final characters and the commonly used compound charactersbeing placed in the lowest bank so that the ahnost invariable action ofthe typists fingers will be rapid sweepingmotions of one or both handsfrom the upper to the lower keys.

4. In a typewriting machine for writin the Chinese language employingthe ofiicia phonetic alphabet, a keyboard so arranged that compoundcharacters combining medials and finals in one printing character aredisposed substantially as follows ian, ing, uei, in the lower caseposition in the bottom bank of keys; ieh, iang, uai, uan, iieh, iing, inthe upper case of the bottom bank; iao, in the lower case of the thirdbank; ia, ion, in, ua, uang, un, iian, in the upper case of the thirdbank; 1'10 and iing, vin the lower case of the second bank; and iio andiin in the upper case of the second bank.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county ofNew York, and State of New York this th day of March, A. D. 1924.

ROBERT MoKEAN JONES.

